![]() Elevated surface tension at the air–water interface may also energetically favours amphiphile partitioning into the surface microlayer environment ( Figure 1a). ![]() Amphiphiles may preferentially locate in freshwater and sea surface microlayer due to a lower density of oil solutions compared to bulk water. Many near-surface environments on Earth, including a large fraction of all lakes and oceans, are characterised by a surface microlayer of distinct physical chemistry and composition to an underlying bulk solution. Even assuming wholly high-yielding, thermodynamically favourable, irreversible reactions, activation energy barriers to forward reaction may be prohibitive in dilute solutions. This concentration problem is compounded in multi-step reaction paths, whereby a series of linked reversible reactions will produce vanishing small amounts of a desired end-product at equilibrium. However, high reactant concentrations are often challenging to obtain in dilute bulk solution. Condensation reactions may be thermodynamically favoured by high concentrations of reactants and a low activity of water. Take the so-called water paradox: the contrast of water as the universal solvent for life with its thermodynamic inhibition of similarly universal condensation reactions involved in, for example, nucleic acid formation. Such environments are largely dilute, water-rich, and overly complex-all characteristics that can limit the efficacy of prebiotic reaction pathways. Biofilms are among the earliest traces imprinted by life in the rock record: we contend that prebiotic equivalents of these environments deserve future experimental investigation.īulk geochemical environments have several deleterious properties as possible hosts for chemistry that may have given rise to life. In particular, scum layers mediate diffusion with the wider environments, favouring preservation and sharing of early informational molecules, along with the selective concentration of compatible prebiotic compounds. Scum-type environments benefit from many of the same ensemble-based advantages as microbial biofilms. Here, we develop a new hypothesis for an origin of life environment that capitalises upon, and mitigates the limitations of, prebiotic compartments: multi-compartmentalised layers in the near surface environment-a ’scum’. However, most prebiotically plausible compartments are leaky or unstable, limiting their utility. Compartments may have been active participants in prebiotic chemistry, concentrating and spatially organising key reactants. The eventual compartmentalisation of prebiotic systems is therefore often argued to comprise a key step during the origin of life. Thank you all again for everything and, please, let me know how you like it :)! Any kind of a feedback is very important for me.Compartmentalisation by bioenergetic membranes is a universal feature of life. While I cannot thank you enough, it is at least something more from me :). Users will gain access to a hidden text chats (one of those is for putting more info from the project development process)Ĭontributors will have a bigger affect on features implementation priority Users will be highlighted at the top of the Discord user list I've also decided to create a "Contributor" role in project Discord for project supporters and people donating. * New coordinates format * Markers add/edit from now supports new coordinates format, which looks like this: ![]() * Unit of measure * Users can choose trhe type of measure unit (metric or imperial). * Reticle * Users can now toggle on/off an reticle and use it to measure distances in an other way (it will be visible in the center of the map). * Ruler * From now on, users can measure distances on the map :). Hello everyone! I got an another update of for you :).
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